Resumo Fundamento: Nas últimas décadas, o número de dispositivos eletrônicos cardíacos implantáveis (DCEI) aumentou consideravelmente, assim como a necessidade de remoção destes. Neste contexto, a remoção percutânea apresenta-se como uma técnica segura e capaz de evitar uma cirurgia cardíaca convencional. Objetivos: Primário: descrever a taxa de sucesso e complicações da remoção percutânea de DCEI em um hospital público brasileiro. Secundário: estabelecer preditores de sucesso e complicações. Métodos: Serie de casos retrospectiva de todos os pacientes submetidos à remoção de DCEI em um hospital público brasileiro no período de janeiro de 2013 a junho de 2018. Remoção, explante e extração de eletrodos, complicações e desfechos foram definidos conforme a diretriz norte-americana de 2017. Variáveis categóricas foram comparadas pelos testes Qui-quadrado ou Fisher, enquanto variáveis contínuas, por testes não pareados. O nível de significância adotado nas análises estatísticas foi de 5%. Resultados: 61 pacientes foram submetidos à remoção de DCEI, sendo 51 extrações e 10 explantes. No total, 128 eletrodos foram removidos. Taxa de sucesso clínico foi 100% no grupo do explante e 90,2% no da extração (p=0,58). Complicações maiores foram encontradas em 6,6% dos pacientes. Falha do procedimento foi associada a eletrodos de ventrículo (p=0,05) e átrio (p=0,04) direito implantados há mais tempo. Duração do procedimento (p=0,003) e necessidade de transfusão sanguínea (p<0,001) foram associadas a maior índice de complicação. Conclusão: As taxas de complicação e sucesso clínico observadas foram de 11,5% e 91,8%, respectivamente. Remoções de eletrodos atriais e ventriculares mais antigos estiveram associados a menores taxa de sucesso. Procedimentos mais longos e necessidade de transfusão sanguínea foram associados a complicações.

Abstract Background: In the last decade, the number of cardiac electronic devices has risen considerably and consequently the occasional need for their removal. Concurrently, the transvenous lead removal became a safe procedure that could prevent open-heart surgery. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to describe the successful performance and the complication rates of pacemaker removals in a Brazilian public hospital. Our secondary aim was to describe the variables associated to successes and complications. Methods: A retrospective case series was conducted in patients submitted to pacemaker removal in a Brazilian public hospital from January 2013 to June 2018. Removal, explant, extraction, success and complication rates were defined by the 2017 Heart Rhythm Society Guideline. Categorical variables were compared using x2 or Fisher's tests, while continuous variables were compared by unpaired tests. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Cardiac device removals were performed in 61 patients, of which 51 were submitted to lead extractions and 10 to lead explants. In total, 128 leads were removed. Our clinical success rate was 100% in the explant group and 90.2% in the extraction one (p=0.58). Major complications were observed in 6.6% patients. Procedure failure was associated to older right ventricle (p=0.05) and atrial leads (p=0,04). Procedure duration (p=0.003) and need for blood transfusion (p<0,001) were associated to more complications. Conclusion: Complications and clinical success were observed in 11.5% and 91.8% of the population, respectively. Removal of older atrial and ventricular leads were associated with lower success rates. Longer procedures and blood transfusions were associated with complications.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake and digestibility, performance and economic viability of steers during the rearing phase in Brachiaria brizantha cultivar Marandu graze and in feedlot. Were used fifty crossbred steers in the rearing phase, with a mean weight of 275 ± 8.18 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design with ten replications per treatments: Mineral supplementation, nitrogen supplementation, Concentrate supplementation in the order of 1 and 2 g/kg body weight and total feedlot. The total dry matter intake and body weight showed a difference (P<0.05) for animals in feedlot. Crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and protein, non-fibrous carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients showed differences for the animals that received mineral supplementation in comparison to the other managements adopted. The same performance was observed for animals in feedlot. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients showed a difference (P<0.05) for the animals that received mineral supplementation, in comparison to the other managements adopted. (P<0.05). The mean daily gain was lower (P<0.05) for animals receiving mineral supplementation. The gross margin was higher (P<0.05) for animals handled in feedlot. Considering the obtained results, it was possible to observe that the animals kept in graze with good availability of dry matter presented satisfactory performance. It is feasible to confine the animals in rearing, since it shortens the production cycle, generating favorable economic results.

Resumen Este estudio buscó evaluar la ingesta y digestibilidad de nutrientes, el rendimiento y la viabilidad económica de novillos alimentados con Brachiaria brizantha cultivar Marandú y criados bajo sistemas de pastoreo y engorda en corral. Se utilizaron 50 novillos cruzados en fase de crecimiento con un peso medio de 275 ± 8.18 kg. Los novillos se distribuyeron en un diseño completamente al azar con 10 repeticiones por tratamiento: suplementación mineral, suplementación de nitrógeno, suplementación del concentrado en el orden de 1 y 2 g/kg de peso corporal y engorda total en corral total. El consumo de materia seca total y el peso corporal fueron significativamente diferentes (P<0.05) para los animales en engorde en corral. La proteína cruda, el extracto etéreo, la fibra detergente neutra corregida para cenizas y proteína, los carbohidratos no fibrosos y los nutrientes digestibles totales fueron diferentes en los animales suplementados con minerales en comparación con los otros tratamientos. El mismo rendimiento se observó en los animales en engorde. Los coeficientes de digestibilidad de materia seca, proteína cruda, extracto etéreo, carbohidratos no fibrosos y nutrientes digestibles totales en los animales suplementados con minerales fueron significativamente diferentes (P<0.05) a los otros tratamientos. (P<0.05). La ganancia diaria promedio fue menor (P<0.05) en los animales suplementados con animales. El mayor margen bruto (P<0.05) se observó en los animales bajo engorde en corral. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio indican que los animales en pastoreo con una buena disponibilidad de materia seca presentan un rendimiento satisfactorio. Es factible confinar a los animales en fase de cría debido a que se acorta el ciclo de producción y se obtienen resultados económicos favorables.

ABSTRACT. This research aimed to explore the reproductive characteristics of three species of Psidium (P. guajava L., P. cattleyanum Sabine, and P. guineense Sw.) and estimate a probable reproduction strategy based on the pollen:ovule (P:O) methodology. The number of pollen grains per floral bud (NGPB), number of pollen grains per anther (NGPA), number of anthers per flower bud (NAB), number of ovules per flower bud (NOB), and the P:O ratio of each species were estimated. All species had a P:O ratio over 2,000 and were classified as xenogamous. P.guajava presented the highest values for all characteristics evaluated, with the NGPB at 3,777,519, the NOB at 584.50 and a P:O ratio of 6,462.82. Similarly, P. cattleyanum had a P:O ratio of 5,649.89 (NGPB 762,736 and NOB 135). However, P. guineense was considered facultative xenogamous, with P:O of 2,085.75, the NGPB at 741,484 and the NOB at 355.50. Thus, it was concluded that the studied species have a preference for allogamy and require many pollen grains to fertilize each ovule, demonstrating that the transfer of pollen to the stigma is not very specialized.

RESUMO Em Pernambuco, estado da região nordeste do Brasil, nas áreas litorâneas, devido à intrusão da água do mar, as águas utilizadas para irrigação da cana-de-açúcar podem apresentar altos teores de sais e causar sérios problemas no solo e na planta. Com o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre a fisiologia da cana-de-açúcar, variedade RB867515, irrigada sob cinco níveis de salinidade de 0,5; 2,0; 3,5; 5,0 e 6,5 dS m-1 com delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições em lisímetros de drenagem. A pesquisa foi conduzida no período de dezembro de 2014 a junho de 2015, na Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE). Os níveis de salinidade foram obtidos pela diluição de NaCl e CaCl2 à água de abastecimento local (CEw = 0,5 dS m-1). Nas folhas foram feitas leituras de condutância estomática, transpiração e fotossíntese aos 140, 229 e 320 dias após o plantio (DAP) e do potencial hídrico aos 137, 243 e 318 DAP. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação inibiu todas as variáveis nas respectivas idades das plantas e com maior intensidade nas primeiras avaliações (140 e 229 DAP) para condutância estomática e transpiração. A fotossíntese e o potencial hídrico apresentaram maiores reduções lineares na última coleta de dados (320 e 318 DAP) respectivamente. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação prejudicou o potencial hídrico e as trocas gasosas nas folhas de cana-de-açúcar RB867515.

ABSTRACT In Pernambuco, state in the northeastern region of Brazil, in the coastal areas, due to the intrusion of seawater, the waters used for sugarcane irrigation can have high salt contents and cause serious problems to soil and plant. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation with saline water on the physiology of sugarcane, variety RB867515, irrigated under five salinity levels of 0.5; 2.0; 3.5; 5.0 and 6.5 dS m-1 in a completely randomized design, with four replicates in drainage lysimeters. The study was conducted in the period from December 2014 to June 2015, at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE). Salinity levels were obtained by dissolving NaCl and CaCl2 in water from the local supply system (ECw = 0.5 dS m-1). Leaves were analyzed for stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis at 140, 229 and 320 days after planting (DAP) and for water potential at 137, 243 and 318 DAP. Increase in irrigation water salinity inhibited all variables at the respective plant ages and with greater intensity in the first evaluations (140 and 229 DAP) for stomatal conductance and transpiration. Photosynthesis and water potential showed the greatest linear reductions at the last data collection (320 and 318 DAP), respectively. Increase in salinity of irrigation water hampered water potential and gas exchange in the leaves of RB867515 sugarcane.

ABSTRACT The objective of this two-year study was to evaluate live weight gain per animal and per area and their relationships with the characteristics of BRS Ipyporã (Brachiaria ruziziensis × Brachiaria brizantha) and Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha) pastures. A completely randomized block design was used with two treatments and four replicates. The grazing method was rotational stocking, with variable stocking rate. Stocking rate was adjusted twice a week during the grazing period (six or seven days) and post-grazing canopy height target of 15 cm. Animals were weighed every 28 days. Pastures were evaluated pre-grazing to estimate forage accumulation rate, forage mass (FM), leaf (LP) and stem (SP) percentages, and nutritive value. In the post-grazing, FM, LP, and SP were evaluated. Marandu palisadegrass pastures had greater FAR, pre-grazing FM, and hence, a greater SR when compared with BRS Ipyporã. However, compared with Marandu, BRS Ipyporã showed greater LP, leaf:stem ratio, crude protein, and in vitro organic matter digestibility, resulting in greater individual live weight gain. The lesser stocking rate in Ipyporã pastures was compensated, providing a greater individual live weight gain of steers, resulting in a similar live weight gain per area for the two cultivars. Thus, BRS Ipyporã is a good alternative for the diversification of pastures in the Cerrado region.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o acúmulo de forragem e o valor nutritivo do híbrido de Urochloa 'BRS RB331 Ipyporã' (Urochloa brizantha x Urochloa ruziziensis) submetido à pastejo intermitente. Os tratamentos corresponderam às combinações entre as condições de pré-pastejo, interceptação de 95% da luz incidente e máxima interceptação de luz, e as de pós-pastejo, 10 e 15 cm de altura de resíduo, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x2, com quatro repetições. Pastos manejados com 95% de interceptação da luz apresentaram maior taxa de acúmulo de forragem, proporção de folhas, relação folha:colmo, teor de proteína bruta e densidade populacional de perfilhos basilares (DPPb), em comparação àqueles manejados com máxima interceptação da luz. Pastos manejados com 15 cm de altura do resíduo apresentaram maior DPPb do que os manejados com 10 cm e apresentaram pequena variação de DPPb entre as estações do ano avaliadas, independentemente do tratamento. Pastos do híbrido interespecífico de Urochloa 'BRS RB331 Ipyporã' apresentam maior acúmulo de forragem e maiores teores de proteína bruta e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica e menores teores de fibra em detergente neutro na fração folha, quando manejados com 95% de IL nas condições de pré-pastejo, com 30 cm de altura do dossel, associada com 15 cm de altura de resíduo.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the forage accumulation and nutritional value of the Urochloa hybrid 'BRS RB331 Ipyporã' (Urochloa brizantha x Urochloa ruziziensis) subjected to intermittent grazing. The treatments corresponded to combinations of the pre-grazing conditions, interception of 95% of incident light and maximum light interception, and of the post-grazing heights, 10 and 15 cm, in a randomized complete block design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement and four replicates. Pastures grazed at 95% of light interception showed higher forage accumulation rate, proportion of leaves, leaf:stem ratio, crude protein content, and basal tiller population density (BTPD), in comparison with those managed at maximum light interception. Pastures managed with post-grazing heights of 15 cm showed greater BTPD than those managed at 10 cm and showed a slightly variation in BTPD among the evaluated seasons of the year, regardless of the treatment. Pastures of the interspecific hybrid of Urochloa 'BRS RB331 Ipyporã' show greater forage accumulation and higher crude protein content and in vitro organic matter digestibility, and lower content of neutral detergent fiber in the leaf fraction, when managed with 95% LI under pre-grazing conditions of 30-cm sward height, associated with a post-grazing 15-cm sward height.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate live weight gain per animal and per area and its relationship with the characteristics of pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Paiaguás and Piatã. A randomized blocks experimental design was used, with two treatments and six replicates. The experimental area was 8.0 ha, divided into twelve paddocks of 0.67 ha. The grazing method used was continuous stocking, with variable stocking rate. Three tester steers were used per paddock. Sward heights were measured once a week, and the stocking rate (SR) was adjusted using regulator steers to maintain the sward height at 30 cm. Pasture samples were collected once a month, and herbage accumulation rate (HAR), percentage of leaves (PL), leaf:stem ratio (LSR), and nutritive value (NV) were determined. Animals were weighed every 28 days. No differences between the two cultivars were observed during the wet season for any of the evaluated parameters. However, cv. Paiaguás presented higher HAR and, consequently, higher SR than cv. Piatã during the dry season. As a result of its higher regrowth, cv. Paiaguás pastures presented significantly higher PL, LSR, and NV and, consequently, significantly higher average daily live weight gain. These differences resulted in higher live weight gain per area for Paiaguás grass (695 kg/ha per year) than for Piatã grass (645 kg/ha per year). Thus, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Paiaguás is a good alternative to decrease the temporary forage shortage and for the diversification of pastures in the Cerrado biome region.

ABSTRACTPostmortem injuries are a source of misinterpretations in forensic analysis and therefore are subject matter of taphonomic interest. Many types of injuries can cause different artifacts, which deserve attention of the forensic pathologists when evaluating corpses, either at the crime scene or during an autopsy. Insects can be important biotaphonomic agents and their activity may result in artifacts that resemble antemortem injuries. Here, we describe postmortem injuries caused by the Neotropical wasp Agelaia fulvofasciata (Degeer, 1773) on domestic pig carcasses weighting 15 kg. The specimens showed extensive injuries to the lower lip, similar to lacerations, and some minor lesions on the snout and anus. In addition, we observed the same wasp species preying on larvae of Sarcophagidae (Peckia sp.). Besides causing postmortem injuries, the ability of this species to detect carcasses in the early and fresh decomposition stages should be noted. Thus, future applications aiming criminal, any biotaphonomic events caused by carrion insects need to be disclosed.

ABSTRACTThis study aims to elucidate the bionomy of Peckia(Sarcodexia) lambens and Oxysarcodexia amorosa to provide data for medical, veterinary and forensic entomology analyses. We analyzed larval stage duration (L1–L3), weight of the mature larvae (L3), pupal stage duration, L1–adult duration, adult emergence and viability of larvae and adults of both species. Larval viability of P. (S.) lambens was 82% and the mean duration of the larval stage was 3.51 ± 0.99 days. The mature larvae had a mean weight of 33.67 ± 7.13 mg. The mean duration of the pupal stage was 8.26 ± 0.93 days and the mean duration of the L1–adult was 11.53 ± 1.22 days. Mean lifespan for females and males was 39.33 ± 1.52 and 57.33 ± 4.72 days, respectively. Larval viability of O. amorosa was 76% and mean duration of larval stage was 3.51 ± 0.64 days. Mature larvae had a mean weight of 28.28 ± 3.38 mg. Mean duration of the pupal stage was 10.14 ± 0.63 days and mean duration of the L1–adult was 13.60 ± 0.69 days. Mean lifespan for females and males was 83.66 ± 15.94 and 84.00 ± 19.97 days, respectively. Oxysarcodexia amorosa showed a L1–adult stage longer than P. (S.) lambens; however both species showed low viability. O. amorosa laid more larvae than P. (S.) lambens, this fact may occur because O. amorosa had longer life duration.

Grazing strategy is a key element in the determination of sward structure, herbage nutritive value and animal performance. We aimed to compare the herbage characteristics and performance of livestock in pastures of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania managed, using two rotational stocking strategies, which provided either a fixed-length rest period (FRP) of 35 days in the spring and fall and 30 days in the summer, or a variable-length rest period (VRP), determined by the time required for the canopy to achieve 70 cm in height. The pastures were evaluated in the pregrazing condition for forage mass (FM); leaf (LP), stem (SP) and dead matter (DP) percentages; and nutritive value (NV). The animals were weighed every 28 days. Pastures managed with the FRPs exhibited greater FMs, SPs and DPs and lower LPs and NVs than those managed with the VRPs. The average daily livestock weight gain was greater during the spring and summer for the VRP than for the FRP pastures, resulting in an average animal weight gain per area of 990 and 860 kg ha−¹ wet period−¹ for the pastures managed with the VRPs and FRPs, respectively. Thus, pasture rest periods that were maintained after the sward reached 70 cm in height reduced the animal performance on Tanzania guinea grass.

A definição dos princípios adequados de manejo do pastejo capazes de possibilitar que as pastagens mantenham-se produtivas e persistentes tem sido uma preocupação constante dos pesquisadores brasileiros. No entanto, foi durante as duas últimas décadas que ocorreram grandes mudanças e um avanço significativo na compreensão dos processos determinantes da correta utilização das plantas forrageiras tropicais em pastagens. Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir os principais resultados obtidos sobre o manejo do pastejo de alguns cultivares de Panicum maximum e de Brachiaria brizantha, bem como a importância da utilização de metas de pasto como guia de campo para o monitoramento e controle do processo de pastejo para planejar e recomendar práticas de manejo eficientes.

Defining a proper grazing management that allows pasture to remain productive and persistent has been a constant concern of Brazilian researchers. However, it was in the last two decades that significant changes have taken place regarding the understanding of important processes determining the use of tropical forage plants in pastures. The objective of this article is to present and discuss the main results on grazing management of some Panicum maximum and Brachiaria brizantha cultivars, as well as the importance of using pasture goals to guide planning, controlling and recommending efficient grazing management practices.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o acúmulo de forragem, a estrutura do dossel, o valor nutritivo, o consumo de forragem e a produção animal, em pastos de Urochloa humidicola sob lotação contínua. As cultivares BRS Tupi e Comum foram avaliadas durante os períodos de seca e das águas (julho de 2011 a agosto de 2012), em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos e seis repetições. Mensalmente, os animais foram pesados e os pastos amostrados para a determinação de: taxa de acúmulo de forragem (TAF); massa de forragem; percentagens de folha (PF), colmo e material morto (PM); e valor nutritivo. O consumo de matéria seca (CMS) foi determinado uma vez a cada período. 'BRS Tupi' apresentou maiores TAF e PF e menor PM do que a 'Comum', durante o período das águas. O valor nutritivo, o CMS e o ganho médio diário foram semelhantes entre as duas cultivares. O conteúdo de proteína bruta da forragem - 6,0 e 5,0%, respectivamente, para os períodos das águas e seco - foi o principal fator limitante ao CMS. 'BRS Tupi' recebeu maior taxa de lotação e, consequentemente, possibilitou maior ganho de peso vivo por área (192 kg ha-1 por ano) do que a 'Comum' (126 kg ha-1 por ano). A 'BRS Tupi' é uma boa alternativa para a diversificação de pastagens em solos de baixa fertilidade sujeitos a alagamento temporário.

The objective of this work was to evaluate forage accumulation, canopy structure, nutritive value, forage intake, and animal production in pastures of Urochloa humidicola under continuous stocking. The cultivars BRS Tupi and Comum were evaluated during the drought and wet periods (July 2011 to August 2012), in a randomized complete block experimental design, with two treatments and six replicates. Monthly, the animals were weighted and the pastures sampled for the determination of: forage accumulation rate (FAR); forage mass; percentages of leaves (PL), culms, and dead material (DL); and nutritive value. Forage intake (FI) was determined once a period. 'BRS Tupi' had a higher FAR, PL, and DL than 'Comum', during the wet period. The nutritive value, FI and the daily weight gain were similar between both cultivars. Forage protein content - 6.0 and 5.0%, for the wet and drought periods, respectively - was the main limiting factor for FI. 'BRS Tupi' had higher stocking rates and, consequently, made possible a higher live weight gain per area (192 kg ha-1 per year) than 'Comum' (126 kg ha-1 per year). 'BRS Tupi' is a good alternative for diversification of pastures in soils with low fertility that are temporarily subjected to flooding.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o valor nutritivo, a estrutura do dossel e a produção animal de novilhos em pastos de capim-piatã (Urochloa brizantha, cultivar Piatã), manejados a 15, 30 e 45 cm de altura, sob lotação contínua. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com duas repetições e três alturas. As alturas dos pastos foram monitoradas duas vezes por semana, e as taxas de lotação ajustadas. Mensalmente, os pastos foram amostrados e os animais foram pesados. Não houve diferença no valor nutritivo dos pastos manejados com diferentes alturas. Os ganhos médios diários de 650 g por novilho foram semelhantes entre as diferentes alturas de manejo. A taxa de lotação foi menor para o pasto com 45 cm (2,4 UA ha-1), intermediária para o de 30 cm (3,1 UA ha-1) e maior para o manejado com 15 cm (3,8 UA ha-1), o que resultou em maior ganho por área dos pastos manejados com 15 cm (1.050 kg ha-1) e 30 cm (910 kg ha-1) de altura, quando comparados ao manejado a 45 cm (635 kg ha-1). O capim-piatã apresenta grande flexibilidade de manejo sob lotação contínua e pode ser manejado entre 15 e 45 cm de altura.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritive value, sward structure, and animal performance of steers on piatã palisade grass pastures (Urochloa brizantha, cultivar Piatã), managed at 15, 30, and 45 cm sward heights, under continuous stocking. A randomized block design, with two replicates and three sward heights, was used. Sward height was measured twice a week, and the stocking rate was adjusted. Monthly, the pastures were sampled and the animals were weighted. There was no difference in the nutritive value of the pastures managed with different heights. The average daily gain of 650 g per steer was similar among the different sward heights. The stocking rate was lower for the pasture managed at 45 cm (2.4 AU ha-1), intermediary for the one with 30 cm (3.1 AU ha-1), and higher for the one managed at 15 cm (3.8 AU ha-1), resulting in greater gain per area for the pastures managed at a height of 15 cm (1,050 kg ha-1) and 30 cm (910 kg ha-1) than for the one managed at 45 cm (635 kg ha-1). Piatã palisade grass shows great flexibility under continuous stocking and can be managed between 15 and 45 cm sward height.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar as características morfogênicas e estruturais e o acúmulo de forragem do capim-marandu, submetido a três alturas de pastejo, sob lotação contínua. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos completos casualizados, com duas repetições e três alturas: 15; 30 e 45cm. O pasto manejado com 15cm de altura apresentou as maiores taxa de aparecimento de folhas e densidade de perfilhos basilares. O acúmulo de forragem foi semelhante entre as alturas de pastejo. Com base nas características da planta, o capim-marandu pode ser utilizado entre 15 e 45cm de altura do dossel.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the morphological and structural characteristics and the herbage accumulation, in (Brachiaria brizantha cv. 'Marandu') marandu palisadegrass pastures subjected to three grazing heights under continuous stocking. It was used a randomized block design, with two replicates and three sward heights 15, 30 and 45cm. The biggest leaf appearance and the smallest basal tiller densities decreased were found in 15cm pasture The herbage accumulation was similar among the pastures managed with different grazing intensities. The marandu palisadegrass presents high management flexibility, and may be utilized between 15 and 45cm sward height.

OBJETIVO: a proposição do estudo foi verificar a influência dos hábitos de sucção nas características oclusais da dentição decídua. MÉTODOS: o grupo inicial constituiu-se de 86 bebês com idade de 0 a 3 meses. Sete visitas domiciliares foram realizadas, quando informações sobre a prática da amamentação, hábitos de sucção nutritivos e não-nutritivos, respiração bucal e desenvolvimento da dentição foram coletados. A partir do grupo inicial, 58 crianças foram moldadas em consultório na idade média de 36±2,51 meses. Modelos de estudo foram obtidos e medidos diversos parâmetros da oclusão dentária, tais como profundidade, extensão e largura das arcadas, por dois examinadores comprovadamente calibrados pelo teste de concordância Kappa e correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: os resultados demonstraram que o aleitamento artificial por mamadeira antes dos 6 meses esteve associado à largura intermolares inferior (p=0,01). A sucção de chupeta antes dos 6 meses foi estatisticamente associadaà diminuição da largura intercaninos superior (p=0,03) e intermolares superior (p=0,03). Somando-se a isso, o aumento da extensão molar da arcada superior associou-se à perda do vedamento labial antes dos 12 meses de vida (p=0,03). CONCLUSÃO: é possível concluir-se que os hábitos de sucção interferem na determinação de características oclusais na dentição decídua. A sucção de chupeta limita o crescimento da arcada superior; o uso de mamadeira favorece o crescimento laterolateral da mandíbula e o desenvolvimento da mordida aberta; e a ausência de vedamento labial favorece o crescimento maxilar anteroposterior.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the influence of sucking habits on the occlusal characteristics of the deciduous dentition. METHODS: The initial sample consisted of 86 infants, aged 0 to 3 months. Seven home visits were performed, when and information on breastfeeding practice, nutritive and non-nutritive sucking habits, mouth breathing and dentition development was collected. From the first sample, impressions of the dental arches were obtained from 58 children at the age of 36 months (+2.51SD). Dental casts were obtained and two examiners, trained and calibrated by the Kappa and Pearson Correlation tests, measured several parameters of dental occlusion, such as arch length, depth, and width. RESULTS: The results showed that bottle feeding before 6 months was associated to an increased mandibular intermolar width (p=0.01). Pacifier use before 6 months was statistically associated to a reduction of the maxillary intercanine (p=0.03) and intermolar (p=0.03) width. In addition to these findings, the increased molar depth of the maxillary arch was associated to loss of lip closure before the age of 12 months (p= 0.03). CONCLUSION: According to these results, it could be concluded that sucking habits interfere with the determination of some deciduous occlusal characteristics: pacifier sucking limits lateral-lateral maxillary growth, bottle feeding favors lateral-lateral mandibular growth and open bite development, and the lack of lip closure favors the anteroposterior maxillary growth.